The controversy with the
Swatow wares and their origin
Shantou (Swatow)
Chaozhou
Zhangzhou
Yuegang
They ware called that way for centuries.
The coastal place called Swatow by the foreign
traders in the past, is now called Shantou in Chinese. At the time when
the 'Swatow' wares were exported it was actually only a small port,
hardly able to serve as shipping port for the huge quantities.
For some unknown reason several hundred years ago Swatow's name
became linked with the flourishing export commodity porcelain. But
actually, neither was it produced in its vicinity, nor was it
exported from here.
Inland from Shantou lies Chaozhou, which was also a ceramics
production area. As both the Chaozhou and Zhangzhou areas belong to
the same linguistic and cultural area, the Minnan region, would it
be possible that Chaozhou did work with Zhangzhou to fill orders
from abroad at the time?
Could it be that smaller quantities were shipped from here to the
main production area Zhangzhou in order to help filling large
orders from abroad?
However, archaeological excavations in the late 20th
century in China provided proof that these wares were actually
produced in Zhangzhou, they are now usually called 'Zhangzhou'
wares except by a few who still have not discovered the discrepancy
yet.
Zhangzhou is an area located farther north
along the coast from Shantou, in Fujian province. Shantou (Swatow)
itself is located in Guangdong near the northeastern provincial
border with Fujian.
Zhangzhou
Zhangzhou was for a time a very large production center, and its
porcelain wares were predominantly exported to Southeast Asia and
Japan. The shipping port was Yuegang
(Yue Port), located in the same
bay. Yuegang became a major trading port. During the sea prohibition
(Ming ban) Yuegang appears to have been one of the smuggling ports in
the area, where merchandise was shipped from despite the ban.
Due to civil war and the fall of the Ming
dynasty Zhangzhou started to decline in the 17th
century. Although production resumed later, in the Qing
dynasty, its never recovered and Xiamen (Amoy) became the center of
production in the area.